Título del artículo:

Assessing global risk factors for non-fatal injuries from road traffic accidents and falls in adults aged 35–70 years in 17 countries: A cross-sectional analysis of the prospective urban rural Epidemiological (PURE) study

Objectives To assess risk factors associated with non-fatal injuries (NFIs) from road traffic accidents (RTAs) or falls. Methods Our study included 151 609 participants from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiological study. Participants reported whether they experienced injuries within the past 12 months that limited normal activities. Additional questions elicited data on risk factors. We employed multivariable logistic regression to analyse data. Results Overall, 5979 participants (3.9% of 151 609) reported at least one NFI. Total number of NFIs was 6300: 1428 were caused by RTAs (22.7%), 1948 by falls (30.9%) and 2924 by other causes (46.4%). Married/common law status was associated with fewer falls, but not with RTA. Age 65–70 years was associated with fewer RTAs, but more falls; age 55–64 years was associated with more falls. Male versus female was associated with more RTAs and fewer falls. In lowermiddle- income countries, rural residence was associated with more RTAs and falls; in low-income countries, rural residence was associated with fewer RTAs. Previous alcohol use was associated with more RTAs and falls; current alcohol use was associated with more falls. Education was not associated with either NFI type. Conclusions This study of persons aged 35–70 years found that some risk factors for NFI differ according to whether the injury is related to RTA or falls. Policymakers may use these differences to guide the design of prevention policies for RTA-related or fall-related NFI.

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Injury Prevention

Título del artículo:

Barriers for the participation in cardiac rehabilitation programmes in patients undergoing percutaneous revascularisation due to a coronary disease

Introduction Cardiac rehabilitation programmes encourage lifestyle changes and reduce the recurrence of morbidity and mortality by 25 %. Nevertheless, attendance rate to such programmes varies between 7.5 and 29%, and around 40 to 50 % of users abandon the treatment during the early stages. Motivation To describe the barriers found in those who participated or not in cardiac rehabilitation programmes after percutaneous revascularisation. Methods Cross-sectional study of 30 patients, who were applied the barrier scale for cardiac rehabilitation, using Likert-type questions, where the highest scores indicated a bigger perception of the barrier to participate in a cardiad rehabilitation programme. Results The major barriers per item were: «I find this exercise is tiring and/or painful» with an average of 2.86, followed by «I currently exercise» and «I did not know about cardiac rehabilitation» with an average of 2.73. The lowest score was: «Many people have heart problems and do not go», with 1.73. More barriers were shown in those who did not attend a cardiac rehabilitation programme (p < 0.05) than whose who did; in addition, most barriers were found in the fields of perceived needs and comorbidities/functional state (p < 0.05). This indicates a lack of orientation and education when it comes to the benefits that users could obtain by joining and participating in a cardiac rehabilitation programme, no matter how they feels or the type of functional limitations they may have.

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Revista Colombiana de Cardiologia

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Microalgae immobilization using hydrogels for environmental applications: Study of transient photopolymerization

Immobilization of microalgae has emerged as a useful technique for effective environmental applications as removal of undesirable compounds from water, culture collection handling for CO2 capture, development of biosensors, and production of clean energy among others. In this work, polymerization of hydrogels is evaluated in order to generate adequate nanoporous morphology for microalgae immobilization via use of transient light intensity. Hydrogels were polymerized using a UV light intensity range between 140 and 700 mW/cm2 during 0.8 h and characterized using rheology evaluation using an angular frequency of 1 rad/s for defined monomer, initiator and solvent amounts. Results shows that transient light polymerization has a significant effect on average pore size and pore size distribution, obtaining different gel points between 1,300 and 1,700 s and modules between 4,000 and 13,000 Pa, allowing to adjust nanoporous morphology of hydrogels improving the attach viability of species of microalgae with variable sizes and shapes, and allowing to develop better hydrogels for novel microalgae immobilization-based applications.

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Chemical Engineering Transactions

Título del artículo:

Passive microalgae immobilization for wastewater treatment: Study of residual glycerol consumption

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the viability of glycerol as carbon source on immobilized algae cultures coupled with a modification on nitrogen (NO3-) and phosphate (PO4) concentration for the production of high valuable compounds (carbohydrates, proteins and lipids). it was determined that the conditions who favour the deposition of carbohydrates are 3-5% (v/v) of glycerol and 0.37 (g/L) of NaNO3. On The other hand, for obtain higher amounts of lipids, a 3% (v/v) of glycerol coupled with a limitation in the nitrogen source (0.04 g/L) are needed. Finally, in order to improve deposition of total proteins, larger concentrations of glycerol (5% v/v), NaNO3 (>0.37 g/L) and phosphate are needed.

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Chemical Engineering Transactions

Título del artículo:

Peripheral Blood MCEMP1 Gene Expression as a Biomarker for Stroke Prognosis

A limitation when making early decisions on stroke management is the lack of rapid diagnostic and prognostic testing. Our study sought to identify peripheral blood RNA biomarkers associated with stroke. The secondary aims were to assess the discriminative capacity of RNA biomarkers for primary stroke type and stroke prognosis at 1-month. Methods-Whole-blood gene expression profiling was conducted on the discovery cohort: 129 first-time stroke cases that had blood sampling within 5 days of symptom onset and 170 control participants with no history of stroke. Results-Through multiple regression analysis, we determined that expression of the gene MCEMP1 had the strongest association with stroke of 11 181 genes tested. MCEMP1 increased by 2.4-fold in stroke when compared with controls (95% confidence interval, 2.0-2.8; P=8.2×10-22). In addition, expression was elevated in intracerebral hemorrhage when compared with ischemic stroke cases (P=3.9×10-4). MCEMP1 was also highest soon after symptom onset and had no association with stroke risk factors. Furthermore, MCEMP1 expression independently improved discrimination of 1-month outcome. Indeed, discrimination models for disability and mortality that included MCEMP1 expression, baseline modified Rankin Scale score, and primary stroke type improved discrimination when compared with a model without MCEMP1 (disability Net Reclassification Index, 0.76; P=3.0×10-6 and mortality Net Reclassification Index, 1.3; P=1.1×10-9). Significant associations with MCEMP1 were confirmed in an independent validation cohort of 28 stroke cases and 34 controls. Conclusions-This study demonstrates that peripheral blood expression of MCEMP1 may have utility for stroke diagnosis and as a prognostic biomarker of stroke outcome at 1-month.

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Stroke

Título del artículo:

Novel Approaches in Primary Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: The HOPE-3 Trial Rationale, Design, and Participants\' Baseline Characteristics

Background: Cholesterol and blood pressure (BP) can be effectively and safely lowered with statin drugs and BP-lowering drugs, reducing major cardiovascular (CV) events by 20%-30% within 5 years in high-risk individuals. However, there are limited data in lower-risk populations. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation-3 (HOPE-3) trial is evaluating whether cholesterol lowering with a statin drug, BP lowering with low doses of 2 antihypertensive agents, and their combination safely reduce major CV events in individuals at intermediate risk who have had no previous vascular events and have average cholesterol and BP levels. Methods: A total of 12,705 women 65 years or older and men 55 years or older with at least 1 CV risk factor, no known CV disease, and without any clear indication or contraindication to the study drugs were randomized to rosuvastatin 10 mg/d or placebo and to candesartan/hydrochlorothiazide 16/12.5 mg/d or placebo (2 × 2 factorial design) and will be followed for a mean of 5.8 years. The coprimary study outcomes are the composite of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), and nonfatal stroke and the composite of CV death, nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, resuscitated cardiac arrest, heart failure, and arterial revascularization. Results: Participants were recruited from 21 countries in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Mean age at randomization was 66 years and 46% were women. Conclusions: The HOPE-3 trial will provide new information on cholesterol and BP lowering in intermediate-risk populations with average cholesterol and BP levels and is expected to inform approaches to primary prevention worldwide (HOPE-3 ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00468923).

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Canadian Journal of Cardiology

Título del artículo:

A structural study of the hydrogen absorption properties by replacing vanadium with zirconium in metal alloys

Hydrogen storage and microstructure the TiCrV0.9, TiCrV0.9Zr0.2 and TiCrV0.7Zr0.4 alloys were investigated. The alloys were melted in arc furnace, the structure was analysed by X- ray diffraction and hydrogen absorption times were analysed by Sievert\'s type apparatus. The results showed that the addition of Zr replacing the V decreases in the absorption capacity passing of 3.8%wt to 2.0%wt in contrast the speed of hydrogen absorption increases considerably.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Brain Circuitry Supporting Multi-Organ Autonomic Outflow in Response to Nausea

While autonomic outflow is an important co-factor of nausea physiology, central control of this outflow is poorly understood. We evaluated sympathetic (skin conductance level) and cardiovagal (high-frequency heart rate variability) modulation, collected synchronously with functional MRI (fMRI) data during nauseogenic visual stimulation aimed to induce vection in susceptible individuals. Autonomic data guided analysis of neuroimaging data, using a stimulus-based (analysis windows set by visual stimulation protocol) and percept-based (windows set by subjects\' ratings) approach. Increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic modulation was associated with robust and anti-correlated brain activity in response to nausea. Specifically, greater autonomic response was associated with reduced fMRI signal in brain regions such as the insula, suggesting an inhibitory relationship with premotor brainstem nuclei. Interestingly, some sympathetic/parasympathetic specificity was noted. Activity in default mode network and visual motion areas was anti-correlated with parasympathetic outflow at peak nausea. In contrast, lateral prefrontal cortical activity was anti-correlated with sympathetic outflow during recovery, soon after cessation of nauseogenic stimulation. These results suggest divergent central autonomic control for sympathetic and parasympathetic response to nausea. Autonomic outflow and the central autonomic network underlying ANS response to nausea may be an important determinant of overall nausea intensity and, ultimately, a potential therapeutic target.

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Cerebral Cortex

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Corrigendum to \"heart failure in low- and middle-income countries: Background, rationale, and design of the INTERnational Congestive Heart Failure Study (INTER-CHF)\" (Am Heart J. (2015) 170:4 (627-634))

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American Heart Journal

Título del artículo:

Heart Failure in Africa, Asia, the Middle East and South America: The INTER-CHF study

Background There are few data on heart failure (HF) patients from Africa, Asia, the Middle East and South America. Methods INTER-CHF is a prospective study that enrolled HF patients in 108 centers in 16 countries from 2012 to 2014. Consecutive ambulatory or hospitalized adult patients with HF were enrolled. Baseline data were recorded on sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, HF etiology and treatments. Age- and sex-adjusted results are reported. Results We recruited 5813 HF patients: mean(SE) age = 59(0.2) years, 39% female, 65% outpatients, 31% from rural areas, 26% with HF with preserved ejection fraction, with 1294 from Africa, 2661 from Asia, 1000 from the Middle-East, and 858 from South America. Participants from Africa - closely followed by Asians - were younger, had lower literacy levels, and were less likely to have health or medication insurance or be on beta-blockers compared with participants from other regions, but were most likely to be in NYHA class IV. Participants from South America were older, had higher insurance and literacy levels, and, along with Middle Eastern participants, were more likely to be on beta-blockers, but had the lowest proportion in NYHA IV. Ischemic heart disease was the most common HF etiology in all regions except Africa where hypertensive heart disease was most common. Conclusions INTER-CHF describes significant regional variability in socioeconomic and clinical factors, etiologies and treatments in HF patients from Africa, Asia, the Middle East and South America. Opportunities exist for improvement in health/medication insurance rates and proportions of patients on beta blockers, particularly in Africa and Asia.

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International Journal of Cardiology

Título del artículo:

Relationship between cardiac vagal activity and mood congruent memory bias in major depression

Background Previous studies suggest that autonomic reactivity during encoding of emotional information could modulate the neural processes mediating mood-congruent memory. In this study, we use a point-process model to determine dynamic autonomic tone in response to negative emotions and its influence on long-term memory of major depressed subjects. Methods Forty-eight patients with major depression and 48 healthy controls were randomly assigned to either neutral or emotionally arousing audiovisual stimuli. An adaptive point-process algorithm was applied to compute instantaneous estimates of the spectral components of heart rate variability [Low frequency (LF), 0.04-0.15 Hz; High frequency (HF), 0.15-0.4 Hz]. Three days later subjects were submitted to a recall test. Results A significant increase in HF power was observed in depressed subjects in response to the emotionally arousing stimulus (p=0.03). The results of a multivariate analysis revealed that the HF power during the emotional segment of the stimulus was independently associated with the score of the recall test in depressed subjects, after adjusting for age, gender and educational level (Coef. 0.003, 95%CI, 0.0009-0.005, p=0.008). Limitations These results could only be interpreted as responses to elicitation of specific negative emotions, the relationship between HF changes and encoding/recall of positive stimuli should be further examined. Conclusions Alterations on parasympathetic response to emotion are involved in the mood-congruent cognitive bias observed in major depression. These findings are clinically relevant because it could constitute the mechanism by which depressed patients maintain maladaptive patterns of negative information processing that trigger and sustain depressed mood.

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Journal of Affective Disorders

Título del artículo:

Storage system scheduling effects on the life of lead-acid batteries

Storage systems are a key element to take advantage of renewable energy due to its ability to transfer energy consumption from one time period to another. With high charge/discharge ratios one can increase the short term revenue stream from a renewable energy system whereas with a low charge/discharge ratios one can increase the long term benefits. Hence, when compared against nominal charge or discharge operation, the storage system life can be increased/reduced with a low/high charge or discharge ratios. In order to quantify this fact for different storage management strategies, this work analyze the effect on the life of a lead-acid battery system of three scheduling strategies: linear programming, crisp logic and fuzzy logic. The three cases will be compared against a reference strategy which consist on solving a linear optimization problem with perfect forecast of load, energy price and renewable availability. A photovoltaic system is taken as the renewable source and historic values for eight months are used to study the trend in the life of the storage system. it can be concluded that higher storage capacity leads to higher overall benefits, however, this cannot be said for the maximum storage system power, even when considering only the costs benefits, which suggest that a proper strategy and parameter selection can be better than high power ratio.

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2015 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America, ISGT LATAM 2015

Título del artículo:

Assessing the loss due to working in the informal sector in Venezuela

In Venezuela, 40% of the workers are employed in the informal sector. This sector is known for being underproductive, meaning that the income received by its workers is less than what they could earn working in formal sector jobs. This paper uses data from the Household Sample Survey (2012-2013) to estimate difference-in-differences linear and quantile regression models, controlling for some demographic characteristics, to quantify the loss associated with working in this market, as an indirect way to quantify the size of the informal sector. The parallel trend assumption is satisfied through propensity score matching, exception made for the highest quartile. The results suggest that informal sector workers lose about 34% of their potential income, loss that is larger for women and with an ambiguous behavior across levels of education. The study also indicates that the average difference in wages between the two sectors tends to narrow over time.

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Lecturas de Economia

Título del artículo:

Metabolic syndrome and subclinical left ventricular dysfunction

Recent studies using both conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography have gathered evidence of myocardial dysfunction in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Recently, two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) has become a robust method for the detection of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction through quantitative assessment of myocardial deformation. Some studies suggest that metabolic syndrome is associated with longitudinal deformation of the left ventricle and that global longitudinal strain measured by 2D-STE is impaired in individuals with metabolic syndrome. It may be inferred that the early identification of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction and the determination of the role of the components of metabolic syndrome in impaired myocardial contractility can help elucidate and predict the risk of cardiovascular diseases in this syndrome.

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Scientia Medica

Título del artículo:

Use of molecular biomarkers in studies of aquatic environmental impact

Molecular biomarkers refer to specific genes and/or its products present in ecosystems which have been exposed to physic or chemical alterations as a result of anthropogenic activities. These molecules are useful to estimate both change and spread of the damage level. The studies of DNA specific sequences, gene expression and proteins production allow to understand the consequences of the presence of specific pollutants or its mixtures in different ecosystems, but mainly in aquatic environments. To date, different gene targets have been used to understand the consequences derived by the introduction of specific pollutants into the environment and serve as excellent tools for environmental toxicology studies. In this review, some of the most commonly reported molecular biomarkers used to monitor the environmental impact in aquatic ecosystems and the pertinent considerations when they are used in environmental risk assessment studies are described.

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Journal of Industrial Pollution Control

Título del artículo:

Use of molecular tools to monitor microbial communities during the bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soils

One of the priority environmental pollutants, because of its high toxicity and persistence, are the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are recalcitrant compounds exhibiting high hydrophobicity and therefore readily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals, also having a rapid distribution in a variety of tissues with a marked tendency to fatty deposits. Because of its importance as environmental pollutants, soil contamination with PAHs is a priority environmental issue. In recent years, there have been great advances in the understanding of the mechanisms of degradation of PAHs and the techniques for the monitoring of these processes in polluted soils. However, the validation and performance of a bioremediation strategy should be based not only on the effect of the microorganisms in soil (biodegradation of the contaminant), but also in the detection and monitoring of the inoculated microorganisms. This review presents an overview of the strategies for the bioremediation of soils contaminated with PAHs, focusing on the molecular biology methods that can be used for the monitoring of these soils in the field.

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Journal of Industrial Pollution Control

Título del artículo:

Neck circumference as a predictor of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and low-grade systemic inflammation in children: The ACFIES study

Background: The current study aims to evaluate the association between neck circumference (NC) and several cardio-metabolic risk factors, to compare it with well-established anthropometric indices, and to determine the cut-off point value of NC for predicting children at increased risk of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and low-grade systemic inflammation. Methods: A total of 669 school children, aged 8-14, were recruited. Demographic, clinical, anthropometric and biochemical data from all patients were collected. Correlations between cardio-metabolic risk factors and NC and other anthropometric variables were evaluated using the Spearman\'s correlation coefficient. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to further examine these associations. We then determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses the optimal cut-off for NC for identifying children with elevated cardio-metabolic risk. Results: NC was positively associated with fasting plasma glucose and triglycerides (p = 0.001 for all), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein, insulin and HOMA-IR (p < 0.001 for all), and negatively with HDL-C (p = 0.001). Whereas, other anthropometric indices were associated with fewer risk factors. Conclusions: NC could be used as clinically relevant and easy to implement indicator of cardio-metabolic risk in children.

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BMC Pediatrics

Título del artículo:

Characteristics of innovation in services at companies inside the textile sector and características de la innovación en servicios en compañías del sector textil

This article aims to describe the characteristics of innovation in services at small and medium companies (SMEs) in the textile sector at Valledupar, Colombia. The characteristic of innovation are: (1) the formalization and systematization of innovation processes related with the economics activities, (2) The difficulty of make any difference between product innovations and process innovations, (3) The preference in the organizational innovations face to the technological innovations, (4) The difficulty of protecting the innovations, (5) the incremental and flexible role of the innovation, and (6) The origin concentrated on the market. The research is the type descriptive, not experimental and cross-sectional. The population of this research is fifteen small and medium companies at the textile sector of Valledupar, Colombia. The research uses a Likert type questionnaire applied to the managers. The results indicate that the predominant characteristics are the difficult to protect innovations, the difficulty for differentiate between product and process innovation, and its incremental and flexible role. However, the companies analyzed lacks of formalization and systematization in the innovation process.

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International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research

Título del artículo:

Evaluation of native microorganisms for biodegradation of oil and grease in palm oil refinery effluents

The use of novel mixed microbial consortia composed of native yeast and bacteria was evaluated for the treatment of palm oil mill effluents (POME) from an oil refining process. For this purpose, 31 native yeast and bacteria isolates demonstrating the ability to remove fats, oils and greases were evaluated, either as single organisms or mixed inocula, for the treatment of POMEs. Molecular and biochemical characterizations revealed that isolates corresponded to Candida, Bacillus and Pseudomonas genera. Seven mixed inocula, containing the 6 most degrading isolates, were established and tested for the removal of palm oil in liquid culture, achieving 68 to 84 % removal after 48 h. The inoculum constituted by all of the isolates produced the best results with an overall COD reduction from 1840 to 260 mg/L (84 %), evidencing a synergic effect of the microorganisms. The use of the same inoculum for the treatment of a palm oil mill effluent led to a removal of 75 % organic matter and 72 % oil and grease after 48 h. Our results demonstrated the ability of these isolates to use palm oil as sole carbon source and effectively decrease the concentration of pollutants in palm oil mill effluents in a short period of time. The use of these microorganisms may provide adaptive advantages that could improve POME remediation processes, especially with mixtures of native bacteria and yeast able to degrade palm oil as sole carbon source.

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Biotecnologia Aplicada

Título del artículo:

Social disparities explain differences in hypertension prevalence, detection and control in Colombia

Objective: Hypertension is the principal risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The global Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study showed that the levels of awareness, treatment and control of this condition are very low worldwide and show large regional variations related to a country\'s income index. The aim of the present analysis was to identify associations between sociodemographic, geographic, anthropometric, behavioral and clinical factors and the awareness, treatment and control of hypertension within Colombia - a high-middle income country which participated in the global Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study. Methods and results: The sample comprised 7485 individuals aged 35-70 years (mean age 50.8 years, 64% women). Mean SBP and DBP were 129.12±21.23 and 80.39±11.81 mmHg, respectively. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 37.5% and was substantially higher amongst participants with the lowest educational level, who had a 25% higher prevalence (<0.001). Hypertension awareness, treatment amongst those aware, and control amongst those treated were 51.9, 77.5 and 37.1%, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension was higher amongst those with a higher BMI (<0.001) or larger waist-hip ratio (<0.001). Being male, younger, a rural resident and having a low level of education was associated with significantly lower hypertension awareness, treatment and control. The use of combination therapy was very low (27.5%) and was significantly lower in rural areas and amongst those with a low income. Conclusion: Overall Colombia has a high prevalence of hypertension in combination with very low levels of awareness, treatment and control; however, we found large variations within the country that appear to be associated with sociodemographic disparities.

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Journal of Hypertension

Título del artículo:

The financial burden of family care of the chronically ill in the Colombian Andean region

Objective: To describe and analyze the financial burden of family care of the chronically ill in the Colombian Andean region. Materials and methods: This study is part of the Program for the Reduction of the burden of chronic disease in Colombia. The sample included 92 families residing in the Colombian Andean region. The Instruments “gcpc-un-d” were used to characterize the subjects and the Survey Financial cost of chronic disease care of Montoya et al, to identify the real effective household consumption. The financial burden attributable to family care was determined under the Caracol methodology. Results: Costs that most afflict families of the Colombian Andean Region are in their order health, transportation, housing, food and communications. Family caring for a person with chronic illness affects its effective household consumption. Discussion: Colombian families residing in the Andean region of the country have a high financial burden attributable to caring for a person with chronic disease.

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Revista Ciencias de la Salud

Título del artículo:

Phenotype resistance to methicillin, macrolides and lincosamides in staphylococcus aureus, isolated in a hospital in Valledupar, Colombia

Introduction: Infections with methicillin-resistant S. aureus are a public health problem due to the multi-resistance profile presented by this pathogen. Objective: To determine resistance phenotypes to methicillin, macrolides and lincosamides in S. aureus. Materials and methods: 50 S. aureus strains, isolated from patients of the Hospital Rosario Lopez Pumarejo in the city of Valledupar, were analyzed. Susceptibility tests to methicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin were performed using microdilution and agar diffusion methods. Methicillin resistance was determined through agar dilution technique and inducible clindamycin resistance D-Test. Results: Methicillin resistance reached 50%, five phenotypes were established in the analyzed macrolides and lincosamides: phenotype sensitive to erythromycin and clindamycin (78%); phenotype resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin (16%) with constitutive resistance for both cMLSB antimicrobials, which lead the resistance phenotypes; phenotype with intermediate resistance to both antimicrobials (2%); the intermediate result phenotype resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin (2%); and the RS phenotype resistant to erythromycin and sensitive to clindamycin (2%) that show inducible iMLSB clindamycin resistance with positive D test. Conclusions: The inducible resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramines is not established through the standard antimicrobial susceptibility test. Not identifying the inducible resistance can lead to clindamycin treatment failure.

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Revista Ciencias de la Salud

Título del artículo:

Technological change in the case of smart textiles: An approach from the dynamic capabilities

Garment making industry belongs to one of the more traditional sectors of the economy, precisely because they are linked to a basic need of human beings: the dress. However, during the last decade is improving the offer of new textile called \"smart\" by their interactions with the environment, since integrated sensors and actuators that allow to detect and respond to different stimuli, becoming increasingly more lightweight, durable and above all: useful. The emergence of this new era of textiles gives rise to countless applications and the possibility for traditional textile and clothing enterprises to explore new markets, supported by the development of dynamic capabilities that enable them maintain sustainable competitive advantages. This work proposes a model under which a set of learning skills coupled with certain capacities of absorption and innovation, can gestate a technological change in the textile making, we must necessarily be supported in another sector as that of technologies of information and communications.

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Espacios

Título del artículo:

Innovation activities in services in small and medium business enterprises in the textile sector of Valledupar, Colombia

The article aims to describe the service\'s activities of innovation in small and medium enterprises (PYMES) in the textile sector in Valledupar, Colombia. The activities include the knowledge\'s acquisition and machines, preparations for innovation, market research and training processes. This research is descriptive, a field research, non-experimental and transactional. The CEO answers a Likert questionnaire. The results indicate the predominant activity is the acquisition of machinery. In contrast, there is a low acquisition of knowledge from abroad and preparation to innovate. The conclusions are the suggestion of innovation\'s plans; market\'s analyses and diversify sources of knowledge.

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Espacios

Título del artículo:

Microbial activity of essential oils of Lippia alba and cymbopogon citratus on streptococcus mutans and cytotoxicity in cho cells

Background: Dental caries is a complex infectious disease of multifactorial origin in which interactions occur between plaque, tooth, biological determinants such as salivary flow, buffering capacity and pH of saliva, predominant organisms, diet and behavioral socioeconomic factors; prevails in the 60-90% of the world’s school-age population. The existing prevention and treatment are not completely effective and generate some side effects, so the search for complementary strategies is necessary for handling. Objetives: To evaluate the capability of essential oils on Lippia alba (Mill). N.E.Br and Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf to eradicate S. mutans biofilms and its toxicity on eukaryotic cells. Methods: Essential oils were extracted from plant material through steam distillation. Its chemical composition was determined for gas chromatography with mass selective detector (GC-MS). It was used the MBEC-high-throughput technique to determine the removal concentration of S. mutans biofilms. Cytotoxicity was evaluated on CHO cells through The MTT 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium. Results: The major components in both essential oils were Geraniol and Citral. Lippia alba essential oil applied in concentration of 0.01 mg / 100 mL removed 95.8% of S. mutans biofilm and C. citratus essential oil showed a removal activity of 95.4% in the concentrations 0.1, 0.01mg/100 mL and 93.1% in concentration 0.001 mg / 100 mL. None of the essential oils showed toxicity to CHO cells in a 24-hour treatment, with significant differences in relation to the control with methanol (P = 0.00) which inhibits most cells. Conclusions: The L. alba and C. citratus essential oils showed eradication activity against S. mutans biofilms and null cytotoxicity, evidencing a potential use in treating and preventing dental caries.

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Vitae