Título del artículo:

Remote dysfunctions in spinal cord injury: Closer than ever

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Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery

Título del artículo:

Male and female relative caregivers of people with chronic disease in Colombia: More similarities than differences

Objective: To describe and compare the burden level of the male and female relative caregivers of people with chronic diseases in Colombia. Methodology: A descriptive and comparative cross-sectional study that was carried out between 2012 and 2014 with 1,555 relative caregivers of people with chronic disease living in the five geographical regions of Colombia. The GCPC-A-C instruments for characterization and the Caregiver Perception of Burden Survey of Zarit in order to determine the perceived burden were used. Results: In the group of relative caregivers of the study, 80.3% belong to the Andean region, 5.6% were from the Pacific region, 3.6 % from the Orinoco region, 6.6% from the Caribbean region, and 3.6% from the Amazon region. The average age is 50. Most of them are spouses, children or parents of the care receiver and they spend at least a quarter of the day for his/her work as caregivers. Most of them have more than 36 months caring for the sick relative. 31% of male caregivers and 33% of female careers expressed to be experiencing an overload with the care of his/her relative. Conclusions: The findings reflect the existence of a majority of female relative caregivers of people with chronic disease, as reported in another studies in Latin America. Unlike previous research, there is no strong difference in the perceived and the expressed load by caregivers, according to gender.

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Salud Uninorte

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Fitness testing for children: Let\'s mount the zebra!

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Journal of Physical Activity and Health

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Participation in a fitness program and functional capacity in patients undergoing angioplasty for acute coronary syndrome

Objective: To describe the functional capacity of subjects who participated compared to those who did not participate in a Fitness program after undergoing coronary angioplasty. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 19 subjects (68.4% men) with acute coronary syndrome undergoing coronary angioplasty between June and August 2010, who were appropriate for conducting a stress test. The dependent variable was functional capacity assessed by the modified Bruce and Bruce protocols. The main independent variable was participation in the fitness program. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to establish the variables associated with functional capacity. Results: We found that the subjects who attended the program achieved 2.57 MET above those who did not attend the program (P=.003), adjusted for history of hypertension and obesity. Conversely, obese people reached 3.04 MET less when compared with non-obese individuals, adjusted for program assistance and hypertension (P=.003). Conclusions: In the adjusted analysis, an association was found between participation in a fitness program and functional capacity. Thus, inclusion and participation of subjects who have received percutaneous revascularization in a fitness program within their rehabilitation process is recommended.

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Fisioterapia

Título del artículo:

Neuromuscular performance deficits in low birthweight children: A target for physical activity interventions?

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Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology

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Patients\' knowledge, attitudes, behaviour and health care experiences on the prevention, detection, management and control of hypertension in Colombia: A qualitative study

Hypertension is a leading cause of premature death worldwide and the most important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Effective screening programs, communication with patients, regular monitoring, and adherence to treatment are essential to successful management but may be challenging in health systems facing resource constraints. This qualitative study explored patients\' knowledge, attitudes, behaviour and health care seeking experiences in relation to detection, treatment and control of hypertension in Colombia. We conducted in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 26 individuals with hypertension and 4 family members in two regions. Few participants were aware of ways to prevent high blood pressure. Once diagnosed, most reported taking medication but had little information about their condition and had a poor understanding of their treatment regime. The desire for good communication and a trusting relationship with the doctor emerged as key themes in promoting adherence to medication and regular attendance at medical appointments. Barriers to accessing treatment included co-payments for medication; costs of transport to health care facilities; unavailability of drugs; and poor access to specialist care. Some patients overcame these barriers with support from social networks, family members and neighbours. However, those who lacked such support, experienced loneliness and struggled to access health care services. The health insurance scheme was frequently described as administratively confusing and those accessing the state subsidized system believed that the treatment was inferior to that provided under the compulsory contributory system. Measures that should be addressed to improve hypertension management in Colombia include better communication between health care professionals and patients, measures to improve understanding of the importance of adherence to treatment, reduction of co-payments and transport costs, and easier access to care, especially in rural areas.

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PLoS ONE

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Characterization of current switching transients for appliance identification

Demand Side Management is a key concept within the Smart Grid vision to promote energy efficiency, load flexibility and interaction between the consumers and other power grid stakeholders. Disaggregated information requires an advanced load monitoring system of individual appliance consumption. A smart house is envisioned to include a Nonintrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) system to support demand side management and motivate the users to adopt energy saving practices. NILM systems use input electrical measurements taken at the energy meter point of a house and estimate the individual appliance operation and consumption through mathematical algorithms. Each appliance can be distinguished from others through a set of particular attributes namely load signatures that can be computed from transient signals, steady state signals or both. This paper aims to characterize current switching transients, for NILM applications and to discuss how they are affected by variation of factors such as point on wave of switching, network impedance, supply voltage distortion and sampling frequency of the meter. For that purpose, measurements of residential appliances of several categories are acquired and processed. The conclusion of this work is the assessment of suitability, robustness and efficiency of appliance identification based on current transients.

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Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal

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Angle-specific eccentric hamstring fatigue after simulated soccer

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of simulated soccer on the hamstrings eccentric torque-angle profile and angle of peak torque (APTeccH), and on the hamstrings:quadriceps torque ratio at specific joint angles (ASHecc:Qcon). Methods: The authors assessed dominant-limb isokinetic concentric and eccentric knee flexion and concentric knee extension at 120°/s in 9 semiprofessional male soccer players immediately before and after they completed the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST). Results: The LIST resulted in significant decreases in eccentric hamstrings torque at 60°, 50°, and 10° and a significant (21.8%) decrease in ASHecc:Qcon at 10° (P < .05). APTeccH increased from 7.1° ± 1.0° to 18.8° ± 4.2° (P < .05). Eccentric hamstrings peak torque significantly declined from 185.1 ± 70.4 N·m pre-LIST to 150.9 ± 58.5 N·m post-LIST (P = .002), but there were no significant changes in hamstrings or quadriceps concentric peak torque (P = .312, .169, respectively). Conclusions: Simulated soccer results in a selective loss of eccentric hamstrings torque and hamstrings-to-quadriceps muscle balance at an extended joint position and a shift in the eccentric hamstrings APT to a shorter length, changes that could increase vulnerability to hamstrings injury. These findings suggest that injury-risk screening could be improved by evaluating the eccentric hamstrings torque-angle profile and hamstrings strength-endurance and that the development of hamstrings fatigue resistance and long-length eccentric strength may reduce injury incidence.

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International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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A new neurometric dissection of the area-under-curve-associated jiggle of the motor evoked potential induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation

Objective: The jiggle of the motor evoked potential (MEP) induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) depends on a number of factors including the assessment of this stochastic signal by the method known as area under curve (AUC). We aim to ascertain the MEP findings assessed by the AUC method obtained from individuals affected by lesions at different levels of the neuroaxis.Methods: We systematically search and critically appraise the scientific reports publishing on the MEP obtained from individuals with hypo- or hyperkinetic disorders of the neural system, and dissect the neurophysical assessment of the obtained data. To accomplish this, we used the instruments named to as U-Pen Instrument for Neurometric Evaluation Uncommonly and Rarely Obtained from NeuroSignals 1.0 (UPINEURON 1.0), and the Quality of Assessment Statistics Index (QuASI).Results: The MEP differences found by the classical peak-to-peak method decreased or disappeared when the AUC was used. The opposite was also true (Kappa. =. <. 0.00). The internal consistency of the UPINEURON was 0.88. The mean of the UPINEURON 1.0 indicator was 34.8 (range. =. 16-50), and the mean of the QuASI scores was 56.5 (range 30-80). Spearman correlation between UPINEURON 1.0 and QuASI was 0.513.Conclusions: The MEP jiggle found in individuals with disordered neural function is not a \"minor\" factor; it is beyond the underlying neural condition, sample size, type of coils, and number of trials, among other variables. The use of the novel indicators introduced in this investigation will help to improve the analysis of the AUC of neural signals. They may also lead to the reconsideration of current practices.

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Physiology and Behavior

Título del artículo:

Maternal undernutrition and cardiometabolic disease: A latin american perspective

The current epidemic of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases in developing countries is described as being driven by socioeconomic inequalities. These populations have a greater vulnerability to cardiometabolic diseases due to the discrepancy between the maternal undernutrition and its consequence, low-birth weight progeny, and the subsequent modern lifestyles which are associated with socioeconomic and environmental changes that modify dietary habits, discourage physical activity and encourage sedentary behaviors. Maternal undernutrition can generate epigenetic modifications, with potential long-term consequences. Throughout life, people are faced with the challenge of adapting to changes in their environment, such as excessive intake of high energy density foods and sedentary behavior. However, a mismatch between conditions experienced during fetal programming and current environmental conditions will make adaptation difficult for them, and will increase their susceptibility to obesity and cardiovascular diseases. It is important to conduct research in the Latin American context, in order to define the best strategies to prevent the epidemic of cardiometabolic diseases in the region.

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BMC Medicine

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Achievement of technological and scientific capacity in physical therapy services of bucaramanga and floridablanca

Objective To identify the achievement of the condition of technological and scientific capacity of a sample of physical therapy and respiratory services from the urban area of Floridablanca and Bucaramanga. Methodology A descriptive study was performed with a set of samples not based on probabilities out of convenience. The sample consisted of four health service provider institutions in the town of Floridablanca and three institutions from the urban area of Bucaramanga. During the year 2011, two check lists were applied in order to verify the fulfillment of standards of habilitation and to find the reasons for their non-compliance in some of their requisites. Results Three institutions in Floridablanca belong to the first level of care and one to the second level of care; the standards with the lowest fulfillments are: Risk follow-up with a median fulfillment score of 0 (Range: 0-12); Medical Records of care with a median of 9.5 (Range: 0-100) and the standard of priority procedures with a median of 18 (Range: 9-27). In Bucaramanga, two institutions belong to the second level of care and one to the third level of care. The lowest standards in fulfillment were: Medications and devices with zero for one institution, Priority procedures with a median of 60 (Range: 0-89) and physical installations with a median of 73 (Range: 64-84). Conclusions The results show a non-compliance with the essential requisites of habilitation even though these are demanded by the territorial organizations in each health department, district, and municipality.

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Revista de Salud Publica

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Six weeks of core stability training improves landing kinetics among female capoeira athletes: A pilot study

Core stability training (CST) has increased in popularity among athletes and the general fitness population despite limited evidence CST programmes alone lead to improved athletic performance. In female athletes, neuromuscular training combining balance training and trunk and hip/pelvis dominant CST is suggested to reduce injury risk, and specifically peak vertical ground reaction forces (vGRF) in a drop jump landing task. However, the isolated effect of trunk dominant core stability training on vGRF during landing in female athletes had not been evaluated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate landing kinetics during a drop jump test following a CST intervention in female capoeira athletes. After giving their informed written consent, sixteen female capoeira athletes (mean ± SD age, stature, and body mass of 27.3 ± 3.7 years, 165.0 ± 4.0 cm, and 59.7 ± 6.3 kg, respectively) volunteered to participate in the training program which consisted of static and dynamic CST sessions, three times per week for six weeks. The repeated measures T-test revealed participants significantly reduced relative vGRF from pre- to post-intervention for the first (3.40 ± 0.78 vs. 2.85 ± 0.52 N·NBW-1, respectively [p<0.05, effect size = 0.60]), and second landing phase (5.09 ± 1.17 vs. 3.02 ± 0.41 N·NBW-1, respectively [p<0.001, effect size = 0.87]). The average loading rate was reduced from pre- to post-intervention during the second landing phase (30.96 ± 18.84 vs. 12.06 ± 9.83 N·NBW·s-1, respectively [p<0.01, effect size = 0.68]). The peak loading rate was reduced from pre- to postintervention during the first (220.26 ± 111.51 vs. 120.27 ± 64.57 N·NBW·s-1 respectively [p<0.01, effect size = 0.64]), and second (99.52 ± 54.98 vs. 44.71 ± 30.34 N·NBW·s-1 respectively [p<0.01, effect size = 0.70]) landing phase. Body weight, average loading rate during the first landing phase, and jump height were not significantly different between week 0 and week 6 (p=0.528, p=0.261, and p=0.877, respectively). This study provides evidence that trunk dominant core stability training improves landing kinetics without improving jump height, and may reduce lower extremity injury risk in female athletes.

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Journal of Human Kinetics

Título del artículo:

Instantaneous bispectral analysis of heartbeat dynamics for the assessment of major depression

Major depression (MD) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Although alterations in autonomic regulation have been proposed as one potential pathophysiological mechanism to explain this comorbidity, studies using standard HRV features in depressed subjects have been inconclusive. In this study, 48 patients with MD and 48 healthy controls (HC) were randomly assigned to an audio-visual task with two different versions: one emotionally neutral (N) and the other emotionally arousing (E). ECG signal (lead II) was collected at 250 Hz, and point process nonlinear analysis of heartbeat dynamics was performed to obtain instantaneous features from standard time-domain analysis, as well as spectral (LF, HF, LF/HF) and bispectral (LL, LH, and HH) analysis. Mean values of all features were computed over the 30s segment of the emotional elicitation session. Only bispectral parameters LH and HH were significantly different between patients and HC (p<0.02). Our results suggest that time-varying nonlinear dynamics of parasympathetic activity are significantly reduced in MD compared to HC in response to emotional elicitation. We conclude that instantaneous bispectral analysis could be a promising tool for assessment of autonomic modulation in MD.

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Computing in Cardiology

Título del artículo:

The assisted nordic hamstring curl

Assisted nordic hamstring curls provide a mechanism for assisting the lower phases of a nordic hamstring curl, allowing training at increased hamstring muscle length positions and the performance of more repetitions. This exercise may be useful to target the specific muscle lengths or fatigue conditions at which injuries occur.

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Strength and Conditioning Journal

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The 20 × 20 Latin American society of hypertension target

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Journal of Hypertension

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Clean production strategies for flour milling industry: A case study

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CISCI 2015 - Decima Cuarta Conferencia Iberoamericana en Sistemas, Cibernetica e Informatica, Decimo Segundo Simposium Iberoamericano en Educacion, Cibernetica e Informatica, SIECI 2015 - Memorias

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Comparing the identification of sites with high risk of landslides using isohyets of precipitation vs alterations of rainfall by La Niña in Santander Colombia

Extreme meteorological events associated with climate change are a real issue and have important impact over the economy of infrastructure sector, including highways, hydrocarbon transport by pipelines, mines, etc., because saturation of soils by water can produce landslides and it could produce the fracture of pipelines or other kind of tangible assets. For example, an assessment of historical geotechnical failures in Ecopetrol (Colombian Oil Company) vs. extreme meteorological events shows that during La Niña (extreme rainfall period) geotechnical failures are three times greater. This work shows a method to identify places of risk by extreme meteorological events, mainly La Niña phenomenon, with focus in most probably alteration of rainfall. Our results illustrate the hot spots where there is a high probability of slight excess (120-160% of average rainfall) and high excess (>160%) of average rainfall. The results were intersected in a GIS with pipelines and mass movement risk maps to identify the places of high risk along Santander region.

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ASME 2015 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference, IPG 2015

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Competence for home health care in colombian people with chronic ilness and their caregivers

Background. The competence for home health care is part of the fundamental features required when taking care of people with chronic disease. It is described as the ability, the skill and the preparation the user or their family caregiver possesses in order to perform the work of caring. Objective. To describe and compare the competence for home health care in Colombian people with chronic illness and their family caregivers in the different regions of Colombia. Materials and Methods. Quantitative, descriptive, comparative and cross-sectional study conducted between 2012 and 2014 in the five geographical regions of Colombia. The sample consists of 2231 participants including people with chronic illness and family caregivers. The measurement instruments used were the Survey for the characterization of the caring Dyad patient - family caregiver GCPC-UN-D, and the Home health care competence instrument “GCPCUN- CPC”, both in its patient and family caregiver versions. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the home health care competence. For comparison of the groups nonparametric tests for independent samples were used. Results. People with chronic illness and their family caregivers have heterogeneous levels of home health caring competence in the different regions of Colombia. In both cases the higher levels are found in the Amazon region, while the lowest are found in the Pacific region. These levels of home health care competence are far away from the required ones to ensure quality and safety in the care of these patients. Conclusion. The indicators for the evaluation of home health care competence must address patients and their family caregiver as well as the health human talent, health institutions and the Social Security System in order to understand in a better way and change the current vulnerability in home health care practices in the country.

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Revista Facultad de Medicina

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Corrigendum to \"A new neurometric dissection of the area-under-curve-associated jiggle of the motor evoked potential induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation\" [Physiol. Behav. (141), (2015) 111-119] DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.01.014

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Physiology and Behavior

Título del artículo:

A new multiplex-PCR for urinary tract pathogen detection using primer design based on an evolutionary computation method

This work describes a new strategy for optimal design of Multiplex-PCR primer sequences. The process is based on the Particle Swarm Optimization-Simplex algorithm (Mult-PSOS). Diverging from previous solutions centered on heuristic tools, the Mult-PSOS is selfconfigured because it does not require the definition of the algorithm’s initial search parameters. The successful performance of this method was validated in vitro using Multiplex-PCR assays. For this validation, seven gene sequences of the most prevalent bacteria implicated in urinary tract infections were taken as DNA targets. The in vitro tests confirmed the good performance of the Mult-PSOS, with respect to infectious disease diagnosis, in the rapid and efficient selection of the optimal oligonucleotide sequences for Multiplex-PCRs. The predicted sequences allowed the adequate amplification of all amplicons in a single step (with the correct amount of DNA template and primers), reducing significantly the need for trial and error experiments. In addition, owing to its independence from the initial selection of the heuristic constants, the Mult-PSOS can be employed by non-expert users in computational techniques or in primer design problems.

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Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

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The Link between Fetal Programming, Inflammation, Muscular Strength, and Blood Pressure

Hypertension affects one billion individuals worldwide and is considered the leading cause of cardiovascular death, stroke, and myocardial infarction. This increase in the burden of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is principally driven by lifestyle changes such as increased hypercaloric diets and reduced physical activity producing an increase of obesity, insulin resistance, and low-grade inflammation. Visceral adipocytes are the principal source of proinflammatory cytokines and systemic inflammation participates in several steps in the development of CVD. However, maternal and infant malnutrition also persists as a major public health issue in low- to middle-income regions such as Latin America (LA). We propose that the increased rates of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in these countries could be the result of the discrepancy between a restricted nutritional environment during fetal development and early life, and a nutritionally abundant environment during adulthood. Maternal undernutrition, which may manifest in lower birth weight offspring, appears to accentuate the relative risk of chronic disease at lower levels of adiposity. Therefore, LA populations may be more vulnerable to the pathogenic consequences of obesity than individuals with similar lifestyles in high-income countries, which may be mediated by higher levels of proinflammatory markers and lower levels of muscle mass and strength observed in low birth weight individuals.

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Mediators of Inflammation

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Identification and characterization molecular of Burkholderia glumae, causal agent of bacterial panicle blight in rice

The aim of this study was to identify and molecularly characterize isolates of Burkholderia glumae from rice plants with evidence of putrescence. Burkholderia glumae is the causal agent of bacterial blight of panicle rice, with a high incidence causing considerable losses in crop production in Colombia. Since its identification is difficult, it is important to implement an evaluation system to quickly and accurately identify this pathogen. Sixty four isolates were obtained, 41 of which were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as Burkholderia glumae. The molecular characterization with MB1 and BOX-PCR markers showed genetic variability in most isolates, but allowed the grouping according to its geographical origin. The high genetic diversity suggests a high degree of variability within individuals of this species.

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Informacion Tecnologica

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Nonlinear digital signal processing in mental health: Characterization of major depression using instantaneous entropy measures of heartbeat dynamics

Nonlinear digital signal processing methods that address system complexity have provided useful computational tools for helping in the diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of pathologies. More specifically, nonlinear measures have been successful in characterizing patients with mental disorders such as Major Depression (MD). In this study, we propose the use of instantaneous measures of entropy, namely the inhomogeneous point-process approximate entropy (ipApEn) and the inhomogeneous point-process sample entropy (ipSampEn), to describe a novel characterization of MD patients undergoing affective elicitation. Because these measures are built within a nonlinear point-process model, they allow for the assessment of complexity in cardiovascular dynamics at each moment in time. Heartbeat dynamics were characterized from 48 healthy controls and 48 patients with MD while emotionally elicited through either neutral or arousing audiovisual stimuli. Experimental results coming from the arousing tasks show that ipApEn measures are able to instantaneously track heartbeat complexity as well as discern between healthy subjects and MD patients. Conversely, standard heart rate variability (HRV) analysis performed in both time and frequency domains did not show any statistical significance. We conclude that measures of entropy based on nonlinear point-process models might contribute to devising useful computational tools for care in mental health.

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Frontiers in Physiology

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Fibromyalgia is characterized by altered frontal and cerebellar structural covariance brain networks

Altered brain morphometry has been widely acknowledged in chronic pain, and recent studies have implicated altered network dynamics, as opposed to properties of individual brain regions, in supporting persistent pain. Structural covariance analysis determines the inter-regional association in morphological metrics, such as gray matter volume, and such structural associations may be altered in chronic pain. In this study, voxel-based morphometry structural covariance networks were compared between fibromyalgia patients (N = 42) and age- and sex-matched pain-free adults (N = 63). We investigated network topology using spectral partitioning, which can delineate local network submodules with consistent structural covariance. We also explored white matter connectivity between regions comprising these submodules and evaluated the association between probabilistic white matter tractography and pain-relevant clinical metrics. Our structural covariance network analysis noted more connections within the cerebellum for fibromyalgia patients, and more connections in the frontal lobe for healthy controls. For fibromyalgia patients, spectral partitioning identified a distinct submodule with cerebellar connections to medial prefrontal and temporal and right inferior parietal lobes, whose gray matter volume was associated with the severity of depression in these patients. Volume for a submodule encompassing lateral orbitofrontal, inferior frontal, postcentral, lateral temporal, and insular cortices was correlated with evoked pain sensitivity. Additionally, the number of white matter fibers between specific submodule regions was also associated with measures of evoked pain sensitivity and clinical pain interference. Hence, altered gray and white matter morphometry in cerebellar and frontal cortical regions may contribute to, or result from, pain-relevant dysfunction in chronic pain patients.

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NeuroImage: Clinical

Título del artículo:

Effects of functional training program in core muscles in women with fibromyalgia

Objective: To evaluate the effects of a program of functional muscles core training targeting women with fibromyalgia. Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental type trial was conducted, before and after an intervention, for 20 days, often three days/week, 60 minutes each session. In a single-group of eight women, changes in muscle strength, pain, quality of life related to health and physical activity were evaluated. Results: An increase in repetitions of the test trunk fexion, time on the left and right bridge testing lateral and prone bridge the test were found. All features of pain decreased, and, according to the S-FIQ, a decrease in morning fatigue, stiffness and anxiety was reported. Also Met’s/minute-weeks increased after intervention. Conclusion: These data suggest that functional program core muscle training is effective in increasing muscle strength, pain modulation, functional performance optimization, and increased levels of physical activity in women with fibromyalgia.

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Revista Ciencias de la Salud